Home Page
About AMMA
Join AMMA
Education
Services
Consultants
American Manual Massage Association
Healthcare is in our Hands

 

Significant and Current Research Related to Medical Massage and Manual Therapy
Wednesday, July 02, 2003 -

A Compilation of References

American Manual Medicine Association

Norkin, C. and Levangie, P., Joint Structure and Function (F.A. Davis, Philadelphia, 1992).

Ganong, W., Medical Physiology (Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, Conn., 1992).

Woo, S. L. Y, “Biomechanics of Tendons and Ligaments,” Frontiers in Biomechanics, Woo, S. L., Schmid-Schonbein, G. W., Zweifach, B. W., eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1986).

Kessler, R. and Hertling, D., “Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders,” Management of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Kessler, R. and Hertling, D., eds. (Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1990).

Juhan, D., Job’s Body (Station Hill Press, Barrytown, New York, 1987).

Cailliet, R., Soft Tissue Pain and Disability (F.A. Davis, Philadelphia, 1996).

Frankel, V. and Nordin, M., Basic Biomechanics of the Skeletal System (Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1980).

Keene, J. S. “Ligament and Muscle-Tendon-Unit Injuries, Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy, Gould, J. and Davies, G., eds. (Mosby, St. Louis, 1985).

Adams, L. M., “The Anatomy of Joints Related to Function, Mechanics of Human Joints, Radin, E. L. and Wright, V., eds. (Dekker, New York, 1990).

Viidik, A., “Normal Healing of Tendons and Ligaments,” Biomechanics of Diarthrodial Joints, Mow, V., Ratcliffe, A., and Salvio, L., eds (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990).

Seedhom, B., “Ligament Reconstruction: Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Mechanics of Human Joints, Radin, E. L. and Wright, V., eds. (Dekker, New York, 1990).

Kirkaldy-Willis, W., Managing Low Back Pain (Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1990).

Paris, S. V., The Spine, Course Notes (Atlanta, 1982).

Subotnick, S. and Sisney, P., “Treatment of Achilles Tendinopathy in the Athlete,” J. Am. Podiatriac Medical Association., 76: 10, 552-556 (1987).

Garrick, J. and Radetsky, P., Peak Fitness (Crown, New York, 1986).

Korr, I. M., Collected Papers of I. M. Korr (Amer. Acad. of Osteopathy, Colorado Springs, 1979).

Rowinski, M. J., “Afferent Neurobiology of the Joint,” Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy, Gould, J., and Davies, G., eds. (Mosby, St. Louis, 1985).

Lehmkuhl, L. D. and Smith, L. K. Brunnstrom’s Clinical Kinesiology (F.A. Davis, Philadelphia, 1983).

Wyke, B. D., “Articular Neurology and Manipulative Therapy,” Aspects of Manipulative Therapy, Idczak, I. M., ed. (Lincoln Institutute Victoria, Australia, 1980).

Johansson, H. and Sjolander, P., Neurophysiology of Joints,” Mechanics of Human Joints, Radin E. L. and Wright, V., eds, ( Dekker, New York, 1990).

Basmajian, J. V. and DeLuca, C., Muscles Alive ( Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1985).

Radin, E. L., “Mechanically-Induced Periarticular and Neuromuscular Problems,” Mechanics of Human Joints, Radin, E. L. and Wright, V., eds. (Dekker, New York, 1990).

Bowling, R. and Rockar, P., “The Elbow Complex, Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy, Gould, J. and Davies, G., eds. (Mosby, St. Louis, 1985).

LeVeau, B. F., “Basic Biomechanics in Sports and Orthopedic Physical Therapy,” Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy, Gould, J., and Davies, G., eds., (Mosby, St. Louis, 1985)

Kessler, R., “Friction Massage, ” Managemtnt of Common Musculoskelatal Disorders, Kessler, R. and Hertling, D. eds, (Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1990).

Viidik, A. and Gottrup, F., “Mechanics of Healing Soft Tissue Wounds,” Frontiers in Biomechanics, Woo, S. L., Schmid-Schonbein, G. W., Zweifach, B. W., eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1986).

Simkin, P. A. “Biology of Joints,” Mechanics of Human Joints, Radin, E. L. and Wright, V., eds. (Dekker, New York, 1990).

Hertling, D. and Kessler, R., “The Wrist and Hand Complex,” Management of Common Musculoskeletal Disorders, Kessler, R. and Hertling, D., eds., (Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1990).

Korr, I. M., “Proprioceptors and Somatic Dysfunction,” J. Am. Osteop. Association, 74: 638-650 (1975).

Kessler, R., “Arthrology,Management of Common Musculoskeletal Disorders, Kessler, R. and Hertling, D., eds., (Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1990).

Sisken, B., “Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Nerve Regeneration,” Modern Bioelectricity, Marino, A. A., ed. (Dekker, New York, 1988).

Smith, S., “Limb Regeneration, Modern Bioelectricity, Marino, A. A., ed. (Dekker, New York, 1990).

Lackie, J. M., ed,. Cell Movement and Cell Behavior (Allen and Unwin, London, 1986).

Elzinga, M. and Lu, Abercrombie, M. and Dunn, G. A., “Locomotion and Contraction in Nonmuscle Cells,” Contractile Systems in Nonmuscle Tissues, Perry S. V. and Margreth, A., eds. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1976).

R., “Comparative Amino Acid Sequence Studies on Actin,” Contractile Systems in Nonmuscle Tissues, Perry, S. V. and Margreth, A., eds. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1976).

Pollard, T. and Fujiwara, K., eds,. “Participation of Contractile Proteins in Cytoplasmic Stractive and Cell Division,” Perry, S. V. and Margreth, A., eds., Contractile Systems in Nonmuscle Tissues (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1976).

Weber, K., Biochemical Anatomy of Microfilaments of Cells in Tissue Culture,” Contractile Systems in Nonmuscle Tissues (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1976).

Strohman, R., Yamada, S., Buffinger., N., “Fibroblast Growth Factor Plays a Role in Regulating Muscle Hypertrophy, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Am. Coll. Of Sports Medicine S: 173-80 (1989).

Strohman, R., Personal Communication (1995).

Studitskii, A. N., Transplantation of Muscles in Animals (Oxonian, New Delhi, 1988).

Schiaffino, S., Bormioli, S., Aloisi, M., “Fiber Branching and Formation of New Fibers During Compensatory Muscle Hypertrophy,” MuscleRegeneration, Mauro, A., ed. (Raven, New York, 1979).

Carlson, B. M. “Muscle Regeneration and Aging,” Monographs in Developmental Biology, 23: 189-95 (1992).

Moore, M. A., “Stem Cell Concepts, Muscle Regeneration, Mauro, A., ed. (Raven, New York, 1979).

Butler, D., Mobilization of the Nervous System (Churchill Livingstone, Melbourne, 1991).

Cohen, B. B., Sensing, Feeling and Action (Contact Editions, Northampton, Mass, 1993).

Kessler, R. and Hertling, D. eds., Management of Common Musculoskeletal Disorders (Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1990).

Barak, T., Rosen, E., Sofer, R., Orthopedic and Sports Therapy, Gould J. and Davies, G., eds. (Mosby, St. Louis, 1985). “Mobility: Passive Orthopedic Manual TherapyDyson, M., “Stimulation of Tissue Repair by Ultrasound”, Physiotherapy, 64:105-8 (1978).

Forster, A., Palastanga, N., Clayton’s Electrotherapy, (Bailliere Tindall, London, 1982).

Column, Grieve, G. P., ed. (Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1986).

Palastanga, N., “Transverse Friction Massage,” Modern Manual Therapy of the Vertebral Radin E. L., “Osteoarthrosis,” Mechanics of Human Joints, Radin, E. L. and Wright, V. eds. (Dekker, New York, 1990).

Jones, L. H.., “Spontaneous Release by Positioning,” DO 4:109-16 (1964).

Greenman, P. E., In Neurobiologic Mechanisms in Manipulative Therapy, Korr, I. M., ed. (Plenum, New York, 1979).

Patterson, M. M., in Neurobiologic Mechanisms in Manipulative Therapy, Korr, I. M., ed. (Plenum, New York, 1979).

Hoppenfeld, S., Physical Examination of the Spine and Extremities (Appleton-Century, Norwalk, Conn., 1976).

Kapandjii, I. A., Physiology of the Joints (Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1971).

Bucci, L., Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Injury (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1995).

Andrews, J. R., Harrelson, G. L., and Wilk, K., Physical Rehabilitation of the Injured Athlete (Saunders, Philadelphia, 1998).

Borgens, R., ed. Electrical Fields in Vertebrate Repair (Allen Liss, New York, 1989).

Zachazewdki, J. E., “Improving Flexibility,” Rosemary M., Scully R. M., Barnes R., eds. Physical therapy. (JB Lippincott, London, 1989).

Carlstedt, C. A., Nordin, M., “Biomechanics of Tendons and Ligaments,” Nordin, M., Frankel, V. H. eds. Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System. (Lea & Febiger, London, ch. 3, pp. 698-738, 1989).

Aukland, K., Nicolaysen, G., “Interstitial Fluid Volume: Local Regulatory Mechanisms,” Physiological Reviews, 61: 3, (1981).

Hukins, D. W. L., Kirby, M. C., Sikoryn, T. A., Aspden, R. M., Cox, A. J., Comparison of Structure, Mechanical Properties, and Function of Lumbar Spinal Ligaments,” Spine, 15: 8, (1990).

Nakagawa, H., Mikawa, Y., Watanabe, R., “Elastin in the Posterior Logitudinal Ligament and Spinal Dura,” Spine, 19 (19): 2164-2169 (1994).

Gray’s Anatomy, Williams, P. L., Warwick, K., eds. (Churchill Livingstone, London, 1980).

Bornstein, P., “The Biosynthesis, Secretion and Processing of Procollagen,Biology of Collagen, Viidik, A., Vuust, J., eds. (Academic press, London, pp 61-75, 1980).

Viidik, A., Danielson, C. C., Oxlund, H., “On Fundamental and Phenomenological Models, Structure and Mechanical Properties of Collagen, Elastin and Glycosaminoglycan Complex,Biorheology 19:437-451, 1982).

Woodhead-Galloway, J. “The Body as Engineer,New Scientist 18:772-775 (1981).

Millington, P. F., Wilkinson, R., Skin (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1983).

Arem, A. J., Madden, J. W., “Effects of Stress on Healing Wounds. I. Intermittent Noncyclical Tension,” Journal of Surgical Research 20:93-102 (1976).

Cooper, J. H., “Histochemical Observation on the Elastic Sheath: Elastofibril System of the Dermis.” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 52: 169-176 (1969).

Hunter, 1): G., Specific Soft Tissue Mobilization in the Treatment of Soft Tissue Lesions,” Physiotherapy 80 (15-21 (1994).

Madden, J. W., DeVore, G., Arem, A. J., “A Rational Postoperative Management Program for Metacarpophalangeal Joint Implant Arthroplasty,Journal of Hand Surgery 2: 358-366 (1977).

Madden, J. W., Peacock, E. E., “Studies on the Biology of Collagen During Wound Healing. III. Dynamic Metabolism of Scar Collagen and Remodeling of Dermal Wounds,Annals of Surgery 174: 511-520 (1971).

Tillman, L. J., Cummings, G. S., “Biology Mechanisms of Connective Tissue Mutability,Dynamics of Human Biological Tissue, chapter 1, pp 1-44, Currier, D. P., Nelson, R. M., eds. (F. A. Davies. Philadelphia, 1993).

Baur, P. S., Parks, D. H., “The Myofibroblast Anchoring Strand: the Fibronectin Connection in Wound Healing and possible Loci of Collagen Fibril Assembly,” Journal of Trauma 23: 853-862 (1983).

Madden, J. W., Peacock, E. E., “Studies on the Biology of Collagen During Wound Healing. I. Rate of Collegen Synthesis and Deposition in Cutaneous Wounds of the Rat,” Surgery 64(1): 288-294 (1968).

Hunt, T. K., Van Winkle, W., “Normal Repair,Fundamentals of Wound Management, chap. 1, pp 2-67, Hunt, T. K., Dunphy, J. E., eds. (Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1979).

Byrnes, W. C., Clarkson, P. M., “Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness and Training,” Clinics in Sports Medicine 5(3): 605-614 (1986).

Hargens, A. R., Akeson, W. H., “Stress Effects on Tissue Nutrition and Viability, Tissue Nutrition and Viability, Hargens, A. R., ed (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1986).

Lennox, C. M. E., “Muscle Injuries,Soft Tissues: Trauma and Sports Injuries, p. 83-103, McLatchie, G. R., Lennox, C. M. E. ed (Butterworth Heinemann, London, 1993)

Newham, D. J., Jones, D. A., Tolfree, S. E. J., Edwards, R. H. T. “Skeletal Muscle Damage: A Study of Isotope Uptake, Enzyme Efflux and Pain After Stepping,European Journal of Applied Physiology 55:106-112 (1986).

Allbrook, D. B., Baker, W. deC., Kirkaldy-Willis, W. H., “Muscle Regeneration in Experimental Animals and in Man,” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 48B(1): 153-169 (1966).

Allbrook, D., “Skeletal Muscle Regeneration,” Muscle and Nerve 4: 234-245 (1981).

Newham, D. J., “Skeletal Muscle Pain and Exercise,” Physiotherapy 77(1): 66-70 (1991).

Akeson, W. H., Amiel, D., Woo, S. L-Y, “Physiology and Therapeutic Value of H. J., Kivaranka, I, Tammi, M., eds (John Wright, Bristol, 1987). Passive Motion,” Biology and Health of Articular Structures, Joint Loading, 375-394, Helminen,

Akeson, W. H., Amiel, D., Woo, S. L., “Immobility effects on Synovial joints: The Pathomechanics of Joint Contracture, Biorheology 17: 95-110 (1080).

Akeson, W. H., Amiel, D., Mechanic G. L., Woo, S. L-Y., Harwood, F. L,, Hamer, M. L, “Collagen Cross-Linking Alterations in Joint Contractures: Changes in the Reducible Cross-Links in Periarticular connective Tissue Collagen after Nine Weeks of Immobilization,” Connective Tissue Reaserch 5: 15-19 (1977).

Frank, C., Akeson, W. H., Woo, S. L-Y, Amiel, D., Coutts, R. D. “Physiology andTherapeutic Value of Passive Joint Motion,” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 185: 113-125 (1984).

>Ameil, D., Woo, S. L.-Y., Harwood, F. Akeson, W. H., “The Effect of Immobilization on Collagen Turnover in Connective Tissue: a Biochemical-Biomechanical Correlation,” Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 53: 325-332 (1982).

Harwood, F. L., Amiel, D., “Differential Metabolic Responses of Periarticular Ligaments and Tendons to Joint Immobilization, American Physiological Society, 1687-1691 (1990).

Vailas, A. C., Tipton, C. M., Matthes, R. D., Gart, M., “Physical Activity and it”s Influence on the Repair Process of Medial Collateral Ligament,” Connective Tissue Research 9: 25-31 (1981).

Gelberman, R. H., Manske, P. R., Akeson, W. H., Woo, S. L-Y., Lundborg, G., Amiel, D., “Flexor Tendon repair. Journal of Orthodaedic Research 4: 119-128 (1986).

Gossman, M. R., Sahrmann, S. A. , Rose, S. J., “Review of Length Associated Changes in Muscle,” Physical Therapy 62(12): 1799-1808 (1982).

Evans, E. B., Eggers, G. W. N., Butler, J. K., Blumel, J., “Experimental Immobilization of Rat Knee Joints,” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 42(A)(5): 737-758 (1960).

Enneking, W. F., Horowitz, M., “The Intra-Articular Effect of Immobilization on the Human Knee,” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 54 (A)(5): 973-985 (1972).

Finsterbush, A., Frankl, U., Mann, G., “Fat Pad Adhesion to Partially Torn Anterior Cruciate Ligament: a Cause of Knee Locking,” American Journal of Sports Medicine 17(1): 92-95 (1989).

Cummings, G. S., Tillman, L. J., “Remodeling of Dense Connective Tissue in Normal Adult Tissues,” Dynamics of Human Biological Tissue, ch. 2, 45-73, Currier, D. P., Nelson, R. M., eds (F. A. Davies, Philadelphia, 1993)

Forrester, J. C., Zederfeldt, B. H., Hayes, T. L., Hunt, T. K., “Wolff”s Law in Relation to the Healing of Skin Wounds, Journal of Trauma 10(9):770-780 (1970).

Peacock, E. E., VanWinkle, W., Wound Repair, 2nd edition (W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1976).

Rudolph, R., “Contraction and Control of Contraction,” World Journal of Surgery 4:279-287 (1980).

Hunt, T. K., “Disorders of Repair and Their Management,” Fundamentals of Wound Management, ch. 2, 68-168, Hunt, T. K., Dunphy, J. E., eds. (Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1979).

Rizk, T. E., Christopher, R. P., Pinals, R. S., Higgins, C., Frix, R., “Adhesive Capsulitis (frozen shoulder): a New approach to its Management, archives of Physical Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation 64: 29-33 (1983).

Farkas, L. G., McCain, W. G., Sweeny, P., et al, “An Experimental Study of the Changes Following Silastic Rod Preparation of New Tendon Sheath and Subsequent Tendon Grafting,” British Journal of Surgery 55: 1149-1158 (1973).

Hunt, T. K., Banda, M. J., Silver, I. A., “Cell Interactions in Post-Traumatic Fibrosis,” Clinical Symposium 114:128-149 (1985).

Gelberman, R. H., Menon, J., Gonsalves, M., Akeson, W. H., “The Effects of Mobilization on Vascularisation of Healing Flexor Tendons in Dogs,” Clinical Orthopaedics 153:283-289 (1980).

Viidik, A., “Functional Properties of Collagenous tissue,” Review of Connective Tissue Research 6: 144-149 (1970).

Glasgow, E. F., Twomey, L. T., Lowther, D. A., “The effect of Compression and Tension on the Behavior of Connective Tissue, ” Aspects of Manipulative Therapy, p. 16-22, Scull, E. R., Kleynhans, A. M., Idczek, R. M., eds (Churchill Livingstone, London, 1985.

Magonne, T., DeWitt, M. T., Handeley, C. J., et al, “In Vitro Responses of Chondrocytes to Mechanical Loading; the Effect of Short Term Mechanical Tension,” Connective Tissue Research 12: 98-109 (1984).

Salter, R. B., Simmonds, D. F., Malcolm, B. W., Rumble, E. J., MacMichael, D., Clements, N. D., “The Biological Effect of Continuous Passive Motion on the Healing of Full-Thickness Defects in Articular Cartilage,” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 62(A)(8): 1232-1251 (1980).

Convery, F. R., Akeson, W. H., Keown, G. H., “The Repair of Large Osteochondral Defects: an Experimental Study in Horses, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 82: 253-262.

Fronek, J., Frank, C., Amiel, D., Woo, S. L-Y., Coutts, R. D., Akeson, W. H., “The Effect of Intermittent Passive Motion (IMP) in the Healing of Medial Collateral Ligament,” (abstract), Proceedings of the Orthopaedic Research Society 8:31 (1983).

Leivseth, G., Torstensson, J., Reikeras, O., “The Effect of Passive Muscle Stretching in Osteoarthritis of the Hip,” Clinical Science 76:113-117 (1989).

Sadoshima, J.-I., Seigo, I., “Mechanical Stretch Rapidly Activates Multiple signal Tranduction Pathways in Cardiac Myocytes: Potential Involvement of an Autocrine/Paracrine Mechanism, EMBO Journal 12(4):1681-1692 (1993).

Leung, D. Y. M., Glagov, S., Mathews, M. B. “A New in-vitro System for Studying Cell Response to Mechanical Stimulation, Experimental Cellular Research 109: 285-298 (1977).

Palmar, R. M., Reeds., P. J., Lobley, G. E., Smith R. H., “The Effect of Intermittent Changes in Tension on Protein and Collagen Synthesis in Isolated Rabbit Muscle,” Biomechanics Journal 198: 491-498 (1981).

Strickland, J. W., Glogovac, V., “Digital Function Following Flexor Tendon Repair in Zone 2: a comparison of Immobilization and Controlled Passive Motion Techniques,” Journal of Hand Surgery 5(6): 537-543 (1980).

Gelberman, R. H., Woo, S. L-Y., Lothringer, K., Akeson, W. H., Amiel, D., “Effects of Early Intermittent Passive Mobilization on Healing Canine Flexor Tendons, Journal of Hand Surgery 7(2): 170-175 (1982).

Savio, S. L-Y, Gelberman, R. H., Cobb., N.G., Amiel, D., Lotheringer, K., Akeson, W. H., “The Importance of Controlled Passive Mobilization on Flexor Tendon Healing,” Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 52: 615-622 (1981).

Gelberman, R. H., Amiel, D., Gonsalves, M., Woo, S., Akeson, W. H., “The Influence of Protected Passive Mobilization on the Healing of Flexor Tendons: a Biochemical and Microangiographic study,” Hand 13(2): 120-128 (1981).

Takai, S., et al, “The Effect of Frequency and Duration of Controlled Passive Mobilization on Tendon Healing, ” Journal of Othopaedic Research 9(5): 705-713 (1991).

Lagrana, N. A., et al, “Effect of Mechanical Load in Wound Healing, Annals of Plastic Surgery 10:200-208 (1983).

Arnold, J., Madden, J. W., “Effects of Stress on Healing Wounds. I. Intermittent Noncyclical Tension.” Journal of Surgical Research 29:93-102 (1976).

Light, N. D., Baily, A. J., “Molecular Structure and Stabilization of the Collagen Fibre,” Biology of Collagen, p 15-38, Viidik, A., Vuust, J., eds (Academic Press, London, 1980).

Dunn, M. G., Silver, F. H., “Viscoelastic Behavior of Human Connective Tissues: Relative Contribution of Viscous and Elastic Components, Connective Tissue Research 12: 59-70 (1983).

LaBan, M. M. “Collagen Tissue: Implication of it”s Response to Stress in-vitro,” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 43: 461-466 (1962).

Lederman, E., Harmonic Technique (Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1997).

Warren, C. G., Lehman, J. F., Koblanski, “Heat and Stretch Procedure: an Evaluation Using Rat Tail Tendon, Archives of Physical Medical and Rehabilitation 57: 122-126 (1976)

Viidik, A., “Properties of Tendon and Ligaments,” in Handbook of Bioengineering (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1987).

Viidik, A., “Interdependence between Structure and Function in Collagenous Tissues, ” Biology of Collagen, p. 257-280, Viidik, A., Vuust, J., eds (Academic Press, London, 1980).

Jamison C. E., Marangoni, R. D., Glaser, A. A., “Viscoelastic Properties of Soft Tissue by Discrete Model Characterization,” Journal of Biomechanics 1:33-46 (1968).

Taylor, D. C., Dalton, J. D., Seaber, A. V., Garrett, W. E., “Viscoelastic Properties of Muscle-Tendon Units: the Biomechanical Effects of Stretching,” American Journal of Sports Medicine 18(3): 300-309 (1990).

Rigby, B. J., “The Effect of Mechanical Extension upon the Thermal Stability of Collagen,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 79:634-636 (1964).

Rigby, B. J., Hirai, N., Spikes, J. D., “The Mechanical Behavior of Rat Tail Tendon,” Journal of General Physiology 43:265-283 (1959).

Light, K. E., Nuzik, S., Personius, W., “Low Load Prolonged Stretch vs. High Load Brief Stretch in Treating Knee Contractions,” Physical Therapy 64: 330-333 (1984).

Gainsbury, J. M., “High Velocity Thrust and Pathophysiology of Segmental Dysfunction, Aspects of Manipulative Therapy, p. 87-93, Glasgow, E. F., Twomey, L. T., Scull, E. R., Kleynhans, A. M., Idczek, A. M., eds (Churchill Livingstone, London, 1985).

Holmes, M. H., Lai, W. M., Mow, V. C., “Compression Effects on Cartilage Permeability,” Tissue Nutrition and Viability, Hargens, A. R., ed (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1986).

Bandy, W. D., Irion, J.M., “The Effect of Time on Static Stretch on the Flexability of the Hamstring Muscles,” Physical Therapy 74(9): 845-850 (1994).

Hartley-O“Brien, S. J., “Six Mobilization Exercises for Active Range of Hip Flexation,” Research Quarterly 5(4): 625-635 (1980).

Sady, S. P., Wortman, M., Blanke, D., “Flexability Training: Ballistic, Static or Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation,” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 63: 261-263 (1982).

Tanigawa, M. C., “Comparison of the Hold Relax Procedure and Passive Mobilization on Increasing Muscle Length,” Physical Therapy 52(7):725-735 (1972).

Bobbet, M. F., Hollander, P. A., Huijing, P. A., “Factors in Delayed Onset Muscular Soreness of Man, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 18(1): 75-81.

Ebbeling, C. B., Clarkson, P. M., “Exercise-induced Muscle Damage and Adaptation,” Sports Medicine 7:207-234 (1989).

Zink, J. G., “Respiratory and Circulatory Care: the Conceptual Model,” Osteopathic Annals 5(3): 108-112 (1977).

Barclay, J. K., “Introduction to the Functional Unit. Symposium: Mechanisms which Control VO2 near VO2 max.,” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 27(1):35-36 (1995).

Ganong, W. F., “Dynamics of Blood and Lymph Flow, Review of Medical Physiology , ch 30, p. 470-484 (Lang Medical Publication, California 1981).

Meyer, F. A., “Distribution and Transport of Fluids as Related to Tissue Structure,” Tissue Nutrition and Viability, Hargens, A. R., ed (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1986).

Maroudas, A., “Mechanisms of Fluid Transport in Cartilaginous Tissues,” Tissue Nutrition and Viability, Hargens, A. R., ed (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1986).

Konno, S., Kikiuchi, S., Nagosa, Y., “The Relationship Between Intramuscular Pressure of Paraspinal Muscles and Lower Back Pain,” Spine 19(19):2186-2189 (1994).

Hoyland, J. A., Freemont, A. J., Jayson, M. I. V., “Intervertebral Foramen Venous Obstruction: a Cause of Periradicular Obstruction” Spine 14(6): 558-568 (1989).

Toyone, T., Takahashi, K., Kitahara, H., Yamagata, M., Murakami, M., Moriya, H., “Visualisation of Symptomatic Nerve Root: Prospective Study of Contrast Enhanced MRI in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation,” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 75(B)(4): 529-533 (1993).

Gardner, A. M. N., Fox, R. H., Lawrence, C., Bunker, T. D., Ling, R. S. M., MacEachern, A. G., “Reduction of Post-traumatic Swelling and Compartment Pressure by Impulse Compression of the Foot, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 72(B): 810-815 (1990).

Brechue, W. F., Ameredes, B. T., Barclay, J. K., Stainsby, W. N., “Blood Flow and Pressure Relationship Which Determine VO2 max.,” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 27(1): 37-42 (1995).

Dodd, S. L., Powers, S. K., Crawford., M. P., “Tension Development and Duty Cycle Affect Qpeak and VO2peak in Contracting Muscle,” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 26(8): 997-1002 (1994).

Kamm, R. D., “Flow through Collapsible Tubes,” Handbook of Bioengineering, (McGraw-Hill, New York 1987).

Kirkebo, A., Wisnes, A., “Regional Tissue Fluid Pressure in Rat Calf Muscle During Sustained Contraction or Stretch,” Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 114: 551-556 (1982).

Hill, A. V., “The Pressure Developed in Muscle During Contraction,” Journal of Physiology 107:518-526 (1948).

Gillham, L., “Lymphoedema and Physiotherapists: Control not Cure, Physiotherapy 80 (12): 835-843 (1994).

Sejersted, O. M., et al, “Intramuscular Fluid Pressure During Isometric contraction of Human Skeletal Muscle,” Journal of Applied Physiology 56(2): 287-295 (1984).

Petrofsky, J. S., Hendershot, D. M., “The Interrelationship Between Blood Pressure, Intramuscular Pressure, and Isometric Endurance in fast and Slow Twitch Muscle in the Cat,” European Journal of Applied Physiology 53: 106-111 (1984).

Sejersted, O. M., Hargens.,A. R., “Regional Pressure and Nutrition of Skeletal Muscle During Isometric Contraction, Tissue Nutrition and Viability, Hargens, A. R., ed (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1986).

Walloe, L., Wesche, J., “Time Course and Magnitude of Blood Flow Changes in the Human Quadriceps Muscles During and Following Rhythmic Exercise,” Journal of Physiology 405: 257-273 (1988).

Weiner, G., Styf, J., Nakhostine, M., Gershuni, D. H., “Effects of Ankle Position and a Plaster Cast on Intramuscular Pressure in the Human Leg, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 76(A)(10): 1476-1481 (1994).

Laughlin, M. H., Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow Capacity: Role of Muscle Pump in Exercise Hyperemia,” American Journal of Physiology 253(22): 993-1004 (1987).

Airaksinen, O., Kolari, P. J., “Post-exercise Blood Lactate Removal and Surface Electromyography as Models of the Effects of Intermittent Pneumatic compression Treatment on Muscle Tissue,” Manual Medicine 5:162-165 (1990).

Hovind, H., Nielson, S. L., “Effect of Massage on Blood Flow in Skeletal Muscle,” Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 6: 74-77 (1974).

McGeown, J. G., McHale, N. G., Thornbury, K. D., “The Role of External Compression and Movement in Lymph Propulsion in the Sheep Hind Limb,” Journal of Physiology 387: 83-93 (1987).

McGeown, J. G., McHale, N. G., Thornbury, K. D., “Effects of Varying Patterns of External Compression on Lymph Flow in the Hind Limb of the Anaesthetized Sheep,” Journal of Physiology 397: 449-457 (1988).

Airaksinen, O., “Changes in Post-traumatic Ankle Joint Mobility, Pain and Oedema Following Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Therapy,” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 70(4): 341-344 (1989).

Airaksinen, O., Partanen, K., Kolari, P. J., Soimakallio, S. “Intermittent pneumatic Compression Therapy in Post-traumatic Lower Limb Edema; Computed Tomography and Clinical Measurements, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 72(9): 667-670 (1991).

Schmid-Schonbein, G. W., “Microlymphatics and Lymph Flow,” Physiological Review 70(4): 987-1028 (1990).

Mason, M., “The Treatment of Lymphoedema by Complex Physical Therapy,” Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 39: 41-45 (1993).

Calnan, J. S., Pflug, J. J., Reis, N. D., Taylor, L. M., “Lymphatic Pressures and the Flow of Lymph, British Journal of Plastic Surgery 23: 305-317 (1970).

Skalak, T.C., Schmid-Schonbein, G. W., Zweifach, B.W., “Lymph Transport in Skeletal Muscle, Tissue Nutrition and Viability, Hargens, A. R., ed. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1986).

Levick, J. R., “Synovial Fluid and Trans-synovial Flow in Stationary and Moving Normal Joints,” Joint Loading: Biology and Health of Articular Structures, p 149-186, Helminen, H. J., Kevaranki, I., Tammi, M., eds, (John Wright, Bristol, 1987).

Nade, S., Newbold, P. J., “Factors Determining the Level and Changes in Intra-articular Pressure in the Knee Joint of the Dog,” Journal of Physiology 338: 21-36 (1983).

Fassbender, H. G., “Significance of Endogenous and Exogenous Mechanisms in the Development of Osteoarthritis,” Joint Loading: Biology and Health of Articular Structures, Helminen, H. J., ed. (John Wright, Bristol, 1987).

Maroudas, A., “Distribution and Diffusion of Solutes in Articular Cartilage, Biophysical Journal 10, (1970).

Maroudas, A., Bullough, P., Swanson, S. A.V., “The Permeability of Articular Cartilage,” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 50(B)(1): 166-177 (1968).

McKenzie, R. A., “Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy for Disorders of the Low Back,” Physical Therapy of the Low Back, p. 171-196, Twomey, L. T., Taylor, J. R., eds (Churchill Livingstone, London, 1994).

Geborek, P., Korcok, M., “Motion, not Immobility, Advocated for Healing Synovial Joints.” Journal of the American Medical Association 246(18): 2005-2006 (1981).

Moritz U., Wollheim, F. A., “Joint Capsular Stiffness in Knee Arthritis. Relationship to Intraarticular Volume, Hydrostatic Pressures, and Extensor Muscle Function, Journal of Rheumatology 16(10): 1351-1358 (1989).

Vegter, J., Klopper, P. J., “Effects of Intracapsular Hyperpressure on Femoral Head Blood Flow. Laser Doppler Flowmetry in Dogs,” Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 64(4): 337-341 (1991).

Hasegawa, Y., Ito, H., “Intracapsular Pressure in Hip Synovitis in Children,” Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 62(4): 333-336 (1991).

Twomey, L. T., Taylor, J. R., “Lumbar Posture, Movement, and Mechanics,” Physical Therapy of the Lower Back, p. 57-92, Twomey, L. T., Taylor, J, R., eds (Churchill Livingstone, London, 1994).

Giovanelli, B., Thompson, E., Elvey, R., “Measurements of Variations in Lumbar Zygopophyseal Joint Intracapsular Pressure: a Pilot Study,” Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 31: 115 (1985).

Skyhar, M. J., Danzig, L. A., Hargens, A. R., Akeson, W. H., “Nutrition of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Effects of Continous Passive Motion,” American Journal of Sports Medicine 13(6): 415-418 (1985).

Driscoll, S. W., Kumar, A., Salter, R., B., “The Effect of Continous Passive Motion on the Clearance of Haemarthrosis,” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 176: 305-O311 (1983).

Salter, R. B., Bell, R. S, Keeley, F. W., “The Protective Effect of Continuous Passive Motion on Living Articular Cartilage in Acute Septic Arthritis: an Experimental Investigation in the Rabbit, Clinical Orthopaedics 159: 223-247 (1981).

Wiktorsson-Moller, M., Oberg, B., Ekstrand, J., Gillquist, J., “Effect of Warming up”. Levine, J., Taiwo, Y., “Inflammatory Pain,” Textbook of Pain, 3rd edn., p. 45-56, Wall, P. D., Melzack, R., eds, (Churchill Livingstone, London, 1994).

Meyer, R. A., Campbell, J. A., Raja, S., “Peripheral Neural Mechanisms of Nociception,” Textbook of Pain, 3rd edn., p. 13-44, Wall, P. D., Melzack, R., eds (Churchill Livingstone, London, (1994).

Butler, D. S., Mobilization of the Nervous System, (Churchill Livingstone, London, 1991).

DeFeudis, F. V., DeFeudis, P. A. F., Elements of the Behavioral Code (Academic Press, London, 1977).

Schmidt, R. A., Motor Learning and Performance: from Principles to Practice, II, (Human Kinetic Books, Champaign, 1991)

Williams, H. G., Neurological Concepts and Perceptual-Motor Behavior, New Perspective of Man in Action, Brown, R. C., Cratty, B. J., eds, (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1969).

Goodwin, G. M., McCloskey, D. I., Matthews, P. B. C., “The Contribution of Muscle Afferents to Kinaesthesia Shown by Vibration Induced Illusion of Movement and the Effects of Paralysing Joint Afferents,” Brain 95: 705-748 (1972).

Henry, F. M., Rogers, D. E., “Increased Response Latency for Complicated Movements in a “Memory Drum” Theory of Neuromotor Reaction,: Research Quarterly 31: 448-458 (1960).

Schmidt, R. A., Motor Learning and Control: a Behavioral Emphasis, (Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1982).

Dietz, V., “Human Neuronal Control of Automatic Functional Movements: Interaction Between Central Programs and Afferent Inputs,” Physiological Reviews 72(1): 33-69 (1992).

Grillner, S. Zanggar, P., “How Detailed is the Central Pattern Generator for Locomotion,” Brain Research 88: 367-371 (1975).

McCloskey, D. I., Gandevia, S. C., “Role of Inputs from Skin, Joints, and Muscles and of Corollary Discharges, in Human Discriminatory Tasks, Active Touch, p. 177-188, Gordon, G., ed. (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1978).

Von-Holst, E., “Relations between the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Organs, British Journal of Animal Behavior 2: 89-94 (1954).

Laszlo, J. I., Bairstow, P. J., “Accuracy of Movement, Peripheral Feedback and Efferent Copy,” Journal of Motor Behavior 3: 241-252 (1971).

Dickson, J., Proprioceptive Control of Human Movement, (Lepus Books, London, 1974).

Smith, J. L., “Kinesthesis: a Model for Movement Feedback,” New Perspective of Man in Action, Brown, R. C., Cratty, B J., eds. (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1969).

Gardner, E. P., “Somatosensory Cortical Mechanisms of Feature Detection in Tactile and Kinesthetic Discrimination,” Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66: 439-454 (1987).

Matthews, P. B. C., “Proprioceptors and Their Contribution to Somatosensory Mapping: Complex Messages Require Complex Processing,” Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66: 430-438 (1988).

Wall, P. D., “Cord Cells Responding to Touch, Damage, and Temperature of Skin,” Journal of Neurophysiology 23: 197-210 (1960).

Wall, P. D., “The Somatosensory System,” Handbook of Psychobiology, Gazzaniga, M. S., Blackmore, C., eds. (Academic Press, London, 1975).

Sinclair, D. C., “Cutaneous Sensation and the Doctrine of Specific Energy,” Brain 78: 584-614, (1955)

Bennett, D. J., Gorassini M., Prochazka, A., “Catching a Ball: Contribution of Intrinsic Muscle Stiffness, Reflexes, and Higher Order Responses,” Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72(2): 525-534 (1994).

Roland, P. E., “Sensory Feedback to the Cerebral Cortex During Voluntary Movement in Man,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1: 129-171 (1978).

Lemon, R, N., Porter, R., “Short-latency Peripheral Afferent Inputs to Pyramidal and Other Neurones in the Precentral Cortex of Conscious Monkeys,” Active Touch, p. 91-103, Gordon, G., eds. (Pergamon Press. Oxford, 1978).

Bobath, B., “The Application of Physiological Principles to Stroke Rehabilitation,” The Practitioner 223: 793-794 (1979).

Rothwell, J. C., Traub, M. M., Day, B. L., Obeso, J. A., Thomas, P. K., Marsden, C. D., “Manual Performance in a De-afferented Man,” Brain 105: 515-542 (1982).

Jones, L. A., “Motor Illusions: What do they Reveal About Proprioception,” Physiological Bulletin 103(1): 72-86 (1988).

Vallbo, A. B., Hagbarth K.-E., Torebjork, H. E., Wallin, B. G., “Somatosensory, Proprioceptive and Sympathetic Activity in Human Peripheral Nerve, Physiological Reviews 59(4): 919-957 (1979).

Houk, J. C., “Participation of Reflex Mechanisms and Reaction Time Processes in the Compensatory adjustments of Mechanical Disturbances, Progress in Clinical Neurophysiology 4: 193-215 (1978).

Gielen, C. C. A. M., Ramaekers, L., Van Zuylen, E, J., “Long Latency Stretch reflexes as Co-coordinated Functional Responses in Man,” Journal of Physiology 407: 275-292 (1988).

O,Sullivan, M. C., Eyre, J. A., Miller, S., “Radiation of the Phasic Stretch Reflex in Biceps Brachii to Muscles of the Arm in Man and it”s Restriction During Development,” Journal of Physiology 439: 529-543 (1991).

Strick, P. L., “Cerebellar Involvement in Volitional Muscle Responses to Load Changes,” Progress in Clinical Neurophysiology 4: 85-93 (1978).

Matthews, P. B. C., “The Human Stretch Reflex and Motor cortex, Trends in Neuro Science 14(3): 87-91 (1991).

Rack, P. M. H., Ross, H. F., Brown, T. I. H., “Reflex Responses During Sinusoidal Movement of Human Limbs, Progress in Clinical Neurophysiology 4: 216-228 (1978).

Nashner, L. M., Grimm, R. J., “Analysis of Multiloop Dyscontrols in Standing Cerebellar Patients,” Progress in Clinical Neurophysiology 4: 300-319 (1978).

Matthews, P. B. C., “Observation on the Automatic Compensation of Reflex Gain on Varying the Pre-existing Level of Motor Discharge in Man,” Journal of Physiology 374: 73-90 (1986).

Bizzi, E., Dev, P., Morasso, P., Polit, A., “Role of Neck Proprioceptors During Visually Triggered Head Movements,” Progress in Clinical Neurophysiology 4: 141-152 (1978).

Held, R., “Plasticity in Sensorimotor Coordination,” The Neuropsychology of Spacially Oriented Behavior, Freedman, S. J. ed. (Dorsey Press, Homewood, IL, 1968).

Rock, I., Harris, C. S., “Vision and Touch,” Scientific American 216: 96-107 (1967).

Lee, D. N., Aronson, E., “Visual Proprioceptive Control of Standing in Human Infants,” Perception and Psychophysics 15: 527-532 (1974).

Fitzpatrick, R., Burke, D., Gandevia, S. C., “Task-Dependent Reflex Responses and Movement Illusions Evoked by Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation in Standing Humans,” Journal of Physiology 478(2): 363-372 (1994).

Chernikoff, R., Taylor, F. V., “Reaction time to Kinesthetic Stimulation Resulting From Sudden Arm Displacement, Journal of Experimental Psychology 43: 1-8 (1952).

Desmedt, J. E., Godaux, E., “Ballistic Skilled Movements: Load Compensation and Patterning of the Motor Commands,” Progress in Clinical Neurophysiology 4: 21-55 (1978).

Cockerill, I. M., “The Development of Ballistic Skill Movements, Readings in Sports Psychology, Whiting H. T. A., ed. (Henry Kimpton, London, 1972).

Lashley, K. S. “The Accuracy of Movement in the Absence of Excitation From the Moving Organ,” American Journal of Physiology 43: 169-194 (1917).

Taub, E., “Movement in Nonhuman Primates Deprived of Somatosensory Feedback,” Exercise and Sports Science Reviews 4: 335-374 (1976).

Taub, E., Berman, A. J., “Movement and Learning in the Absence of Sensory Feedback,” The Neurophysiology of Spatially Oriented Behavior (Dorsey Press, Homewood, IL, 1968).

Laszlo, J. I., “Training of Fast Tapping with Reduction of Kinaesthetic, Tactile, Visual and Auditory Sensations, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 19: 344-349 (1967).

VonEuler, C., “Central Pattern Generation During Breathing,” The Motor System in Neurobiology (Biomedical Press, Oxford, 1985).

Rushton, D. N., Rothwell, J. C., Craggs, M D., “Gating of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials During Different Kinds of Movement in Man, Brain 104: 465-491 (1981).

Granit, R., Receptors and Sensory Perception, (Yale University Press, London, 1955).

Wyke, B. D., “Articular Neurology and Manipulative Therapy,” Aspects of Manipulative Therapy, ch.11, p. 72-77, Glasgow, E, F., Twomey, L. T., Scull, E. R., Kleynhans, A. M., Mammalian Skeletal Muscle: Functional Properties Idczek, R. M., eds. (Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1985).

Jami, L. “Golgi Tendon Organs in and Central Actions,” Physiological Reviews 73(3): 623-666 ( 1992).

Matthews, P. B. C., “Muscle Spindles: Their Messages and Their Fusimotor Supply,” Handbook of Physiology, section 1: The Nervous System, vol. II: Motor Control Brookhart, J. M., Mountcastle, V. B., Brooks, V. B., Geiger, S. R., eds (American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD, 1981).

Carpenter, R. S. H., Neurophysiology (Edward Arnold, London, (1990).

Vallbo, A. B., “Activity From Skin Mechanoreceptors Recorded Percutaneously in Awake Human Subjects,” Experimental Neurology 21: 270-289 (1968).

Vallbo, A. B., “The Muscle Spindle Response at the Onset of Isometric Voluntary Contractions in Man. Time Difference Between Fusimotor and Skeletomotor Effects,” Journal of Physiology 318: 405-431 (1971).

Burke, D., Hagbarth, K.-E., Lofstedt, L., “Muscle Spindle Activity During Shortening and Lengthening Contractions,” Journal of Physiology 277: 131-142 (1978).

Matthews, P. B. C., “Muscle Spindles and Their Motor Control,” Physiological Review 44: 219-288 (1964).

Valbo, A. B., “Afferent Discharge From Human Muscle Spindle in Non-Contracting Muscles. Steady State Impulse Frequency as a Function of Joint Angle, Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 90: 303-318 (1973).

Millar, J., “Joint Afferent Fibres Responding to Muscle Stretch, Vibration and contraction,” Brain Research 63: 380-383 ( 1973).

Berthoz, A., Metral, S., “Behavior fo a Muscular Group Subjected to a Sinusoidal and Trapezoid Variation of Force,” Journal of Applied Physiology 29(3): 378-383 (1970).

Johansson, H., Sjolander, P., Sojka, P., “Receptors in the Knee and Their Role in the Biomechanics of the Joint,” Critical reviews in Biomedical Engineering 18(5): 341-368 (1991).

Jenkins, D. H. R., Ligament Injuries and their Treatment, (Chapman and Hall Medical, London, 1985).

Ramcharan, J. E., Wyke, B., “Articular Reflexes at the Knee Joint: an Electromyographic Study, Americal Journal of Physiology 223(6): 1276-1280 (1972).

Lee, J., Ring, P. A., “The Effect of Local Anesthesia on the Appreciation of Passive Movement in the Great Toe of Man,” Proceedings of the Physiological Society, p. 56-57 (1954).

Schaible, H.-G., Grubb, B. D., “Afferents and Spinal Mechanisms of Joint Pain, Pain 55: 5-54 (1993).

Krauspe, R., Schmidt, M., Schaible, H.-G., “Sensory Innervation of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (A) 74(3): 390-397 (1992).

Wyke, B., “The Neurology of Joints,” Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 42: 25-50 (1967).

Coggeshall, R. E., Hong, K. A. H. P., Langford, L. A., Schaible, H.-G., Schmidt, R. F., “Discharge Characteristics of Fine Medial Articular Afferents at Rest and During Passive Movement of the Inflamed Kneee Joints, Brain Research 272: 185-188 (1983).

Schaible, H.-G., Grubb, B. D., “Afferents and Spinal Mechanisms of Joint Pain,” Pain 55: 5-54 (1993).

Nielsen, J., Pierrot-Deseilligny, E., “Patterns of Cutaneous Inhibition of the Propriospinal-like Excitation to Human Upper Limb Motorneurons,” Journal of Physiology 434: 169-182 (1991).

Gandevia, S. C., McCloskey, D. I., Burke, D., “Kinaesthetic Signals and Muscle Contraction,” Trends in Neuro Science 15(2): 64-65 (1992).

Vallbo, A. B., Johansson, R. S., “The Tactile Sensory Innervation of the Glabrous Skin of the Human hand,” Active Touch, p 29-54, Gordon, G., ed. (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1978).

Lloyd, A. J., Caldwell, L. S., “Accuracy of Active and Passive Positioning of the Leg on the Basis of Kinesthetic Cues, Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 60(1): 102-106 (1965).

Paillard, J., Brouchon, M., “Active and Passive Movements in the Calibration of Position Sense,” The Neuropsychology of Spatially Oriented Behavior, p. 37-55, Freedman, S. J., ed. (Dorsey Press, Homewood, IL, 1968).

Nauta, W. J. H., Karten, H. J., “A General Profile of the Vertebrate Brain with Sidelights on the Ancestry of Cerebral Cortex,” The Neurosciences, p. 7-26, Schmitt, F. O., ed. (Rockefeller University Press, New York, 1970).

Forssberg, H., Grillner, S., Rossignol, S., “Phase Dependent Reflex Reveral During Walking in Chronic Spinal Cat,” Brain Research 85: 103-107 (1975).

Guyton, A. C., Basic Human Physiology, (W. B. Saunders, London, 1981).

Phillips, C. G., “Significance of the Monosynaptic Cortical Projection to Spinal Motorneurones in Primates,” Progress in Clinical Neurophysiology 4: 21-55 (1978).

Luscher, H.-R., Clamann, H. P., “Relation between Structure and Function in Information Transfer in Spinal Monosynaptic Reflex, Physiological Reviews 72(1): 71-99 (1992).

Noback, C. R., Demarest, R. J., The Human Nervous System: Basic principles of Neurobiology, 3rd ed.( McGraw-Hill, New York, 1981)

Cody, F. W. J., Plant, T., “Vibration-evoked Reciprocal Inhibition Between Human Wrist Muscles,Brain Research 78: 613-623 (1989).

Matthews, P. B. C., “The Reflex Excitation of the Soleus Muscle of Decerebrated Cat Caused by Vibration Applied to it”s Tendon,” Journal of Physiology 184: 450-472 (1966).

Eklund, G., Steen, M., “Muscle vibration therapy in Children with Cerebral Palsy,” Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation and Medicine 1: 35-37 (1969).

Burke, D., Andrews, C. J., Gillies, J. D., “The Reflex Response to Sinusoidal Stretching in Spastic Man,Brain 94: 455-470 (1971).

Hagbarth, K. E., Eklund, G., “The Muscle Vibrator: A Useful Tool in Neurological Therapeutic Work,” Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation and Medicine 1: 26-34 (1969).

Hagbarth, K. E., “The Effect of Muscle Vibration in Normal Man and in Patients with Motor Disorders,” New Developments in Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology 3: 428-443 (1973).

Issacs, E. R., Szumski, A. J., Suter, C., “Central and Peripheral Influences on the H-Reflex in Normal Man,” Neurology 18: 907-914 (1968).

Burke, D., Dickson, H. G., Skuse, N. F., “Task Dependent Changes in the Responses to Low-Threshold Cutaneous Afferent Volleys in the Human Lower Limb,” Journal of Physiology 432: 445-458 (1991).

Sojka, P., Sjolander, P., Johansson, H., Djupsjobacka, M., “Influence from Stretch Sensitive Receptors in the Collateral Ligaments of the Knee Joint on the Gamma Muscle Spindle System of Flexor and Extensor Muscles,” Neuroscience Research 11: 55-62 (1991).

Freeman, M. A. R., Wyke, B., “Articular Reflexes at the Ankle Joint: an Electromyographic Study of Normal and Abnormal Influences on Ankle Joint Mechanoreceptors upon Reflex Activity in the Leg Muscles,” British Journal of Surgery 54(12) 990-1000 (1967).

He X, Proske, U., Schaible, H.-G., Shmidt, R. F., “Acute Inflammation of the Knee Joint in the Cat Alters Responses of Flexor Motorneurons to Leg movements,” Journal of Neurophysiology 59: 326-339 (1988).

Johansson, H., Lorentzon, R., Sjolander, P., Sjoka, P., “The Anterior Cruciate Ligament. A Sensor Acting on the Gamma Muscle-Spindle Systems of Muscles Around the Knee Joint,” Neuro-Orthopedics 9: 1-23 (1990).

Grigg, P., Harrigan, E. P., Fogearty, K. E., “Segemental Reflexes Mediated by Joint Afferent Neurons in Cat Knee, ” Journal of Neurophysiology 41(1): 9-14 (1978).

Baxendale, R. H., Farrell, W. R., “The Effect of Knee Joint Afferent Discharge on Transmission in Flexion Reflex Pathways in Decerebrate Cats,” Journal of Physiology 315: 231-242 (1981).

Evarts, E. V., “Brain Mechanisms in Voluntary Movement,” Neural Mechanisms in Behavior, McFadden D., ed (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1980).

Capaday, C., Stein , R. B., “Difference in the Amplitude of the Human Soleus H-Reflex During Walking and Running,” Journal of Physiology 392: 513-522 (1986).

Lundberg, A., Malmgren, K., Schomberg, E. D., “Role of Joint Afferents in Motor Control Exemplified by Effects on Reflex Pathway from 1b Afferents,” Journal of Physiology 284: 327-343 (1978).

Kukulka, C. G., Beckman, S. M., Holte, J. B, , Hoppenworth, P. K., “Effects of Intermittent Tendon Pressure on Alpha Motorneuron Exitability,” Physical Therapy 66(7): 1091-1094

Leone, J. A., Kukulka, C. G., “Effects of Tendon Pressure on Alpha Motorneuron Excitability in Patients with Strokes, Physical Therapy 68(4): 475-480 (1988).

Cody, F. W. J., MacDermott, N., Ferguson, I. T. , “Stretch and Vibration Reflexes of Wrist Flexor Muscles in Spascity,” Brain 110: 433-450 (1987).

Belanger, A. Y., Morin, S. Pepin. P., Tremblay, M. H., Vacho. J., “Manual Muscle Tapping Decreases Soleus H-Reflex Amplitude in Control Subjects,” Physiotherapy Canada 41(4): 192-196 (1989).

Sullivan, S. J., Williams, L. R. T., Seaborne, D. E., Morelli, M., “Effects of Massage on Alpha Neuron Excitability,” Physical Therapy 71(8): 555-560 (1991).

Goldberg, J., “The Effect of Two Intensities of Massage on H-Reflex Amplitude,” Physical Therapy 72(6): 449-457 (1992).

Goldberg, J., Seaborne, D. E., Sullivan, S. J., Leduc, B. E., ” The Effect of Therapeutic Massage on H-Reflex Amplitude in Persons with a Spinal Cord Injury,” Physical Therapy 74(8): 728-737 (1994).

Guissard, N., Duchateau, J., Hainaut, K., “Muscle Stretching and Motorneuron Excitability,” European Journal of Applied Physiology 58: 47-52 (1988).

Sullivan, S. J., Seguin, S., Seaborne, D., Goldberg, J., “Reduction of H-Reflex Amplitude During the Application of Effleurage to the Triceps Surae in Neurologically Healthy Subjects,” Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 9: 25-31 (1993).

Darton, K., Lippold, O. C. J., Shahani, M., Shahani, U., “Long Latency Spinal Reflexes in Humans,” Journal of Neurophysiology 53(6): 1604-1618 (1985).

Humphrey, D. R., Reed, D. J., “Separate Cortical Systems for Control of Joint Movement and Joint Stiffness: Reciprocal Activation and Coactivation of Antagonist Muscles,” Advances in Neurology 39: 347-372 (1983).

Hayes, K. C., Sullivan, J., “Tonic Neck Reflex Influence on Tendon and Hoffmann Reflexes in Man,” Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology 16: 251-261 (1976).

Badke, M. B., DiFabio, R. P., “Facilitation: New Theoretical Perspective and Clinical Approach,” Therapeutic Exercise, p. 77-91, Basmajian, J. V., Wolf, S. L., eds. (Williams & Wilkins, London, 1984).

Magill, R. A., Motor Learning Concepts and Applications, (William C. Brown, Iowa, 1985).

Fitts, P. M., Posner, M. I., Human Performance, (Brooks/Cole, California, 1967).

Wrisberg, C. A., Shea, C. H., “Shifts in Attention Demands and Motor Program Utilization During Motor Learning, Journal of Motor Behavior 10: 149-158 (1978).

Rose, S., The Making of Memory: From Molecules to Mind, (Bantam Books, London, 1992).

Kidd, G., Lawes, N., Musa, I., Understanding Neuromuscular Plasticity: a Basis for Clinical Rehabilitation, (Edward Arnold, London, 1992).

Pascual-Leone, A., Cohen, L. G., Hallet, M., “Cortical Map Plasticity in Humans,” Trends in Neuro Science 15(1): 13-14 (1992).

Merzenich, M. M., “Functional Maps of Skin Sensations,” The Many Faces of Touch, Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Pediatric Round Table Series, 10, 15-22 (1984).

Wolpaw, J. R., “Adaptive Plasticity in the Spinal Stretch Reflex: an Accessible Substrate of Memory” Cullular and Molecular Neurobiology 5(1/2): 147-165 (1985).

Wolpaw, J. R., Lee, C. L., “Memory Traces in Primate Spinal Cord Produced by Operant Conditioning of H-Reflex, Journal of Neurobiology 61(3): 563-573 (1989).

Wolpaw, J. R., Carp, J. S., Lam Lee, C., “Memory Traces in Spinal Cord Produced by H-Reflex conditioning: Effects of Post-Tetanic Potentiation,” Neuroscience Letters 103: 113-119 (1989).

Evatt, M. L., Wolf, S. L., Segal, R. L., “Modification of the Human Stretch Reflex: Preliminary Studies,” Neuroscience Letters 105:350-355 (1989).

Hodgeson, J. A., Roland, R. R., de-Leon, R. Dobkin, B., Reggie Edgerton, V., “Can the Mammalian Lumbar Spinal Cord Learn a Motor Task” Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise 26(12): 1491-1497 (1994).

McComas, A. J., “Human Neuromuscular Adaptations that Accompany Changes in Activity,” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 26(12) 1498-1509 (1994).

Kahneman, D., Attention and Effort, (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1973).

Adams, J. A., “Short-Term Memory for Motor Responses,” Journal of Experimental Psychology 71(2) 314-318 (1966).

Kottke, F. J., et al, “The Training of Coordination,” Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 59: 567-572 (1978).

Wolpaw, J. R., “Acquisition and Maintainance of the Simplest Motor Skill: Investigation of CNS Mechanisms,” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 26(12): 1475-1479 (1994).

Rose, S. P. R., Hambley, J., Haywood, J., “Neurochemical Approaches to Developmental Plasticity and Learning,” Neural Mechanisms on Learning and Memory, Rosenzweig, M. R., Bennett, E. Y. L., eds. (MTI Press, Cambridge, MA, 1976).

Morris, S. L., Sharpe, M. H., “PNF Revisited,” Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 9: 43-51 (1993).

Holding, D. H., Principles of Training, (Pergamon Press, London, 1965).

Osgood, C. E., “The Similarity Paradox in Human Learning: a Resolution,Psychology Review 56: 132-143 (1949).

Fleishman, E. A., “Human Abilities and the Acquisition of Skills,” Acquisition of Skill, Bilodeau, E. A., ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1966).

Fleishman, E. A., The Structure and Measurement of Physical Fitness, (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1964).

Alvares, K. M., Hulin, C. L., “Two Explanations of Temporal Changes in Ability-Skill Relationship: a Literature Review and Theoretical Analysis,” Human Factors 14: 295-308 (1972).

Slater-Hammel, A. T., “Performance of Selected Group of Male College Students on the Reynolds Balance Tests,” Research Quarterly 27: 348-351 (1956).

Gross, E. A., Thompson, H. L., “Relationship of Dynamic Balance to Speed and to Ability in Swimming,Research Quarterly 28: 342-346 (1957).

Mumby, H. H., “Kinesthetic Acuity and Balance Related to Wrestling Ability,” Research Quarterly 24: 327-330 (1953).

Sale, D. G., “Neural Adaptation to Resistance Training,” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 20: 5 (1988)

Beard, D. J., Dodd, C. A. F., Trundle, H. R., Hamishi, A., Simpson, R. W., “Proprioception Enhancement for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency,” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (B) 76: 654-659 (1994).

Freeman, M. A. R., Dean, M. R. E., Hanham, I. W. F., “The Etiology and Prevention of Functional Instability of the Foot,” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (B) 47(4): 678-685 (1965).

Basmajian, J. V., Muscles Alive: Their Function Revealed by Electromyography, (Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1978).

Markolf, K. L., Graff-Radford, A., Amstutz, H., “In Vivo Knee Stability. A Quantitive Assessment Using an Instrumental Clinical Testing Apparatus,” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (A) 60: 664-674 (1979).

Panjabi, M. M., “The Stabilizing System of the Spine. Part 1. Function, Dysfunction, Adaptation, and Enhancement,” Journal of Spinal Disorders 5(4): 383-389 (1992).

Yamazaki, Y., Ohkuwa, T., Suzuki, M., “Reciprocal Activation and Coactivation in Antagonistic Muscle During Rapid Goal-Directed Movement,” Brain Research Bulletin 34(6): 587-593 (1994).

Psek, J. A., Cafarelli, E., “Behavior of Coactive Muscles During Fatigue,” Journal of Applied Physiology 74(1): 170-175 (1993).

Feldenkrais, M., “the Elusive Obvious, Tel-Aviv, Aleff Publications (1983).

Vorro, J. Wilson, F. R., Dainis, A., “Multivariate Analysis of Biomechanical Profiles for the Coracobrachialis and Biceps Brachii Muscles in Humans,Ergonomics 21: 407-418 (1978).

Jacobson, E., “Electrophysiology of Mental Activity, American Journal of Psychology 44: 676-694 (1932).

Kelsey,B., “Effects of Mental Practice and Physical Practice Upon Muscular Endurance, Research Quarterly 32(99): 47-54 (1961)

Rawlings, E I, Rawlings, I L, Chen, C S, Yilk, M D., “The Facilitating Effects of Mental Rehearsal in the Acquisition of Rotary Pursuit Tracking,” Psychonomic Science 26: 71-73 (1972)

Yue, G., Cole, K.J., “Strength Increases from the Motor Programme: Comparison of Training with Maximal Voluntary and Imagined Muscle Contraction.” Journal of Neurophysiology 67(5): 1114-1123 (1992)

Dickinson, J., “The Training of Mobile Balancing Under a Minimal Visual Cue Situation,” Ergonomics11:169-175 (1966)

Holding, D.H., Macrae, A.W., “Guidance, Restriction and Knowledge of Results,” Ergonomics 7:289-295 (1964)

Annett, J., “Learning a Pressure Under Conditions of Immediate and Delayed Knowledge of Results,” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 11:3-15 (1959)

Gandevia, S.C., McCloskey, D., “Joint Sense, Muscle Sense and their Combination as Position Sense, Measured at the Distal Interphalangeal Joint of the Middle Finger,” Journal of Physiology 260: 387-407 (1976)

Ralston, H.J., Libet, B., “The Question of Tonus in Skeletal Muscles,” American Journal of Physical Medicine 32: 85-92 (1953)

Von-Wright, J.M., “A Note on the Role of Guidance in Learning, British Journal of Psychology 48: 133-137 (1957)

Lincoln, R.S., “Learning and Retaining a Rate of Movement with the Aid of Kinaesthetic and Verbal Cues,” Journal of Experimental Psychology 51:3 (1956)

Cleghorn, T.E., Darcus, H.A., “The Sensibility to Passive Movement of the Human Elbow Joint,” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 4: 66-67 (1952)

Dalkiran, J., Lederman, E., “Unpublished Observations,” ( 1996)

Cratty, B.J., “Movement Behaviour and Motor Learning, 2nd Ed,” Henry Kimpton, London (1967)

Skinner, H.B., et al, “Joint Position Sense in Total Knee Arthroplasty,” Journal of Orthopedic Research 1: 276-283 (1984)

Hurley,M.V., Newham, D.J., “The Influence of Arthrogenous Muscle Inhibition on Quadriceps Rehabilitation of Patients with Early, Unilateral Osteoarthritic Knees,”British Journal of Rheumatology 32: 127-131 (1993)

Barrack, R.L., Skinner, H.B., Cook, S.D., Haddad, R.S., “Effect of Articular Disease and Total Knee Arthroplasty on Knee Joing-Position Sense, Journal of Neurophysiology 50(3): 684-687 (1983)

Barrett, D.S., Cobb, A.G., Bentley, G., “Joint Proprioception in Normal, Osteoarthritic and Replaced Knee, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (B) 73(1): 53-56 (1991)

Barrack, R.L., Skinner, H.B., Buckley, S.L., “Proprioception in the Anterior Cruciate Deficient Knee, American Journal of Sports Medicine 17(1): 1-6 (1989)

Parkhurst, T.M., Burnett, C.N., “Injury and Proprioception in the Lower Back, Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 19(5): 282-295 (1994)

Glencross, D., Thornton, E., “Position Sense Following Injury,” Journal of Sports Medicine 21: 23-27 (1981)

Isacsson, G., Isberg, A., Persson, A., “Loss of Directional Orientation Control of Lower Jaw Movements in Persons with Internal Derangement of the Temporomandibular Joint,”Oral Surgery 66(1): 8-12 (1988)

Thomas, P.A., Andriacchhi, T.P., Galante, J.O., Fermier, R.N., “Influence of Total Knee Replacement Design on Walking and Stair Climbing, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (A) 64(9): 1328-1335 (1982)

Stauffer, R.N., Chao, E.Y.S., Gyory, A.N., “Biomechanical Gait Analysis of the Diseased Knee Joint, Clinical Orthopedics 126: 246-255 (1977)

Barrack, R.L., “Proprioception and Function After Anterior Cruciate Reconstruction,” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (B) 73: 833-837 (1991)

Ryan, L., “Mechanical Stability, Muscle Strength and Proprioception in the Functionally Unstable Ankle,” Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 40: 41-47 (1994)

Skinner, H.B., Wyatt, M.P., Hodgdon, J.A., Conard, D.W., Barrack, R.L., “Effect of Fatigue on Joint Position Sense of the Knee,” Journal of Orthopedic Research 4: 112-118 (1986)

Marks, R., “Effects of Exercice-induced Fatigue on Position Sense of the Knee,” Australian Physiotherapy 40(3): 175-181 ( 1994)

Johansson, H., Djupsjobacka, M., Sjolander, P., “Influence on the Gamma-muscle Spindle System from Muscle Afferents Stimulated by KCI and Lactic Acid,” Neuroscience Research 16(1): 49-57 (1993)

Matsumoto, D.E., Baker, J.H., “Degeneration and Alteration of Axons and Intrafusal Muscle Fibres in Spindles Following Tenotomy, Experimental Neurology 97: 482-498 (1987)

Vrbova, M.C. I., Westbury, D.R., “The Sensory Reinnervation of Hind Limb Muscles of the Cat Following Denervation and De-efferentation,” Neuroscience 2: 423-434 ( 1977)

Majer, A., Eldred, E., Edgerton, V.R., “The Effect on Spindles of Muscles Atrophy and Hypertrophy, Experimental Neurology 37: 100-123 ( 1972)

Kennedy, J.C., Alexander, I.J., Hayes, K.C., “Nerve Supply of the Human Knee and its Funtional Importance, American Journal of Sports Medicine 10(6): 329-335 (1982)

Jones, D.W., Jones, D.A., Newham, D.J., “Chronic Knee Effusion and Aspiration: The Effect on Quadriceps Inhibition, British Journal of Rheumatology 26: 370-374 (1987)

Iles, J.F., Stokes, M., Young, A., “Reflex Actions of Knee Joint Afferents During Contraction of the Human Quadriceps,” Clinical Physiology 10: 489-500 (1990)

Stokes M., Young A., “The Contribution of Reflex Inhibition to Arthrogenous Muscle Weakness,” Clinical Science 67: 7-14 (1984)

Spencer, J.D., Hayes K.C., Alexander, I.J., “Knee Joint Effusion and Quadriceps Reflex Inhibition in Man,” Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 65: 171-177 (1984)

Solomonow, M., Baratta, R., Zhou, B.H., et al, “The Synergistic Action of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Thigh Muscles in Maintaining Joint Stability,” American Journal of Sports Medicine 15(3): 207-213 (1987)

Hurley, M.V., O“Flanagan, S.J., Newham, D.J., “Isokinetic and Isometric Muscle Strength and Inhibition after Elbow Arthroplasty,Journal of Orthopedic Rheumatology 4: 83-95 (1991)

Alexander, R., Bennet-Clerk, H.C., “Storage of Elastic Energy in Muscles and Other Tissues,” Nature 265: 114-117 (1977)

Tangelder, G.J., Slaaf D.W., Reneman, R.S., “Skeletal Muscle Microcirculation and Changes in Transmural Perfusion Pressure,Progress in Applied Microcirculation 5: 93-108 (1984)

Baumann, J.U., Sutherland, D.H., Hangg, A., “Intramuscular Pressure During Walking: An Experimental Study Using the Wick Catheter Technique,Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research 145: 292-299 (1979)

Kirkebo, A., Wisnes, A., “Regional Tissue Fluid Pressure in Rat Calf Muscle During Sustained Contraction or Stretch, Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 114: 551-556 (1982)

Sejersted, O.M., et al, “Intramuscular Fluid Pressure During Isometric Contraction of Human Skeletal Muscle,” Journal of Applied Physiology 56(2): 287-295 (1984)

Petrofsky, J.S., Hendershot, D.M., “The Interrelationship Between Blood pressure, Intramuscular Pressure, and Isometric Endurance in Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle in the Cat,” European Journal of Applied Physiology 53: 106-111 (1984)

Hill, A.V., “The Pressure Developed in Muscle During Contraction,” Journal of Physiology 107: 518-526 (1948)

Basmajian, J.V., “New Views on Muscular Tone and Relaxation,” Canadian Medical Association Journal 77: 203-205 (1948)

Clemmesen, S., “Some Studies of Muscle Tone,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 44: 637-646 (1951)

Gardner, A.M.N., Fox, R.H., Lawrence, C., Bunker, T.D., Ling, R.S.M., MacEachern, A.G., “Reduction of Post-traumatic Swelling and Compartment Pressure by Impulse Compression of the Foot,” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (B) 72: 810-815 (1990)

Lennox, C.M.E., “Muscle Injuries. In: McLatchie, G.R., Lennox, C.M.E. (eds) Soft Tissues: Trauma and Sports Injuries,” Butterworth Heinemann, London, p83-103 (1993)

McMahon, S., Koltzenburg, M., “Novel Classes of Nociceptors: Beyon Sherrington,” Trends in Neuro Science 13(6): 199-201 (1990)

Casey, K.L., “Neural Mechanisms of Pain. In: Carterette, E.C., Friedman, M.P. (eds) Handbook of Perception: Feeling and Hurting,” Academic Press, London, ch 6, p 183-219 (1978)

Meyer, R.A., Campbell, J.A., Raja, S., “Peripheral Neural Mechanisms of Nociception. In: Wall, P.D., Melzack, R. (eds) Textbook of Pain, 3rd Edn,” Churchill Livingstone, London, p 13-42 (1994)

Paalasmaa, P., Kemppainen, P., Pertovarra, A., “Modulation of Skin Sensitivity by Dynamic and Isometric Exercise in Man,Applied Physiology 62: 279-283 (1991)

Milne, R.J., Aniss, A.M., Kay, N.E., Gandevia, S.C., “Reduction in Perceived Intensity of Cutaneous Stimuli During Movement: A Quantitative Study,” Experimental Brain Research 70: 569-576 (1988)

Dyhre-Poulsen, P., “Perception of Tactile Stimuli Before Ballistic and During Tracking Movements. In: Gordon, G. (ed) Active Touch,Pergamon Press, Oxford, p 171-176 (1978)

Craig, J.C., “Vibrotactile Pattern Recognition and Masking. In: Gordon, G. (ed) Active Touch,” Pergamon Press, Oxford, p 229-242 ( 1978)

Ghez, C., Pisa, M., “Inhibition of Afferent Transmission in Cuneate Nucleus During Voluntary Movement in the Cat,” Brain Research 40:145-151 (1972)

Chapman, C.E., Bushnell, M.C., Miron, D., Duncan, G.H., Lund, J.P., “Sensory Perception During Movement in Man,” Experimental Brain Research 68: 516-524 (1987)

Angel, R.W., Weinrich, M., Siegler, D., “Gating of Somatosensory Perception Following Movement,” Experimental Neurology 90: 395-400 (1985)

Hochreiter, N.W., Jewell, M.J., Barber, L., Browne, P., “Effects of Vibration on Tactile Sensitivity,Physical Therapy 63(6): 934-937 (1983)

Feine, J.S., Chapman, C.E., Lund, J.P., Duncan, G.H., Bushnell, M.C., “The Perception of Painful and Nonpainful Stimuli During Voluntary Motor Activity in Man,” Somatosensory and Motor Research 7(2): 113-124 (1990)

Wall, P.D., Cronly-Dillon, J.R., “Pain, Itch and Vibration,” American Medical Archives of Neurology 2: 365-375 (1960)

Lundeberg, T., Ottoson, D., Hakansson, S., Meyerson, B.A., “Vibratory Stimulation for the Control of Intractable Chronic Orofacial Pain,” Advances in Pain Research and Therapy 5: 555-561 (1983)

Ottoson, D., Ekblom, A., Hansson, P., “Vibratory Stimulation for the Relief of Pain of Dental Origin,Pain 10: 37-45 (1981)

Lundeberg, T., Nordemar, R., Ottoson, D., “Pain Alleviation by Vibratory Stimulation,” Pain 20: 25-44 (1984)

Lundeberg, T., “Long-term Results of Vibratory Stimulation as a Pain Relieving Measure for Chronic Pain,Pain 20: 13-23

Melzack, R., “Myofascial Trigger Points: Relation to Acupuncture and Mechanisms of Pain,” Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 62: 114-117 (1981)

Melzack, R., Wall, P.D., “Pain Mechanisms: A New Theory,” Science 150: 971-979 (1965)

Wall, P.D., “The Laminar Organization of Dorsal Horn and Effects of Descending Impulses,” Journal of Physiology 188: 403-423 (1967)

Richardson, D.E., “Brain Stimulation for Pain Control,IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 23(4): 304-306 (1976)

Andersen, P., Eccles, J.C., Sears, T.A., “Cortically Evoked Depolarization of Primary Afferents Fibres in the Spinal Cord,” Journal of Neurophysiology 27: 63-77 (1964)

Reynolds, D.G., “Surgery in the Rat During Electrical Analgesia Induced by Focal Brain Stimulation,” Science 164: 444-445 ( 1969)

Coquery, J-M., “Role of Active Movement in Control of Afferent Input from Skin in Cat and Man. In: Gordon, G. (ed) Active Touch,Pergamon Press, Oxford, p 161-170 (1978)

Russell, W.R., Spalding, J.M.K., “Treatment of Painful Amputation Stumps,” British Medical Journal 8: 68-73 (1950)

Hansson, P., Ekblom, A., “Acute Pain Relieved by Vibratory Stimulus,” British Dental Journal 6: 213 (1981)

Hannington-Kiff, J.G., “Pain,” Update Publications, London (1981)

Clelland, J., Savinar, E., Shepard, K.F., “The Role of the Physical Therapist in Chronic Pain Management. In: Burrows, G.P., Elton, D., Stanley, G.V. (eds) Handbook of Chronic Pain Management,Elsevier, London, p 243-258 (1987)

Zusman, M., Edwards, B.C., Donaghy, A., “Investigation of a Proposed Mechanism for the Pain Relief of Spinal Pain with Passive Joint Movement,” Journal of Manual Medicine 4: 58-61 (1989)

Zusman, M., “Prolonged Relief from Articular Soft Tissue Pain with Passive Joint Movement,” Manual Medicine 3:100-102 (1988)

Mense, S., Schmidt, R.F., “Activation of Group IV Afferent Units from Muscle by Algesic Agents,” Brain Research 72: 305-310 (1974)

Woolf, C.J., “The Dorsal Horn: State-dependent Sensory Processing and the Generation of Pain. In: Wall, P.D., Melzack, R. (eds) Textbook of Pain, 3rd Edn.,Churchill Livingstone, London, p 101-112 (1994)

Dubner, R., Basbaum, A.I., “Spinal Dorsal Horn Plasticity Following Tissue or Nerve Injury. In: Wall, P.D., Melzack, R. (eds) Textbook of Pain, 3rd Edn.,Churchill Livingstone, London, p 225-242 (1994)

Dunbar, R., Ruda, M.A., “Activity-dependent Neuronal Plasticity Following Tissue Injury and Inflammation,” Trends in Neuro Science 15(3): 96-103 (1992)

Hylden, J.L.K., Nahin, R.L., Traub, R.J., Dbner, R., “Extension of Receptive Fields of Spinal Lamina I Projection Neurons in Rat with Unilateral Adjuvant-induced Inflammation: The Contribution of Dorsal Horn Mechanisms,Pain 37: 229-243 ( 1989)

Cook, A.J., Woolf, C.J., Wall, P.D., MacMahon, S., “Dynamic Receptive Field Plasticity in Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn Following C-primary Afferent Input,Nature 325: 151-153 (1987)

Gray”s Anatomy, “Williams, P.L., Warwick, R. (eds),” Churchill Livingstone, London, P 859 (1980)

Muller-Braunschweig, H., “Psychoanalysis and the Body. In: Brahler E. (ed) Body Experience,” Springer-Verlag, London, p 19-34 (1986)

Morris, D., “Intimate Behaviour,” Corgi, London (1971)

Hooker, D., “The Prenatal Origin of Behavior,” Hafner, London (1969)

Gottlieb, G., “The Oncogenesis of Sensory Function in Birds and Mammals. In: Tobach, E., Aronson, L.R., Shaw E. (eds) The Biopsychology of Development,Academic Press, NewYork (1971)

Burton, A., Heller, L.G., “The Touching of the Body,Psychoanalytical Review 51: 122-134 (1964)

Bowlby, J., “Attachment and Loss,” Hogarth Press, London (1969)

Parker, P., “The Community Chilidren”s Clinic,” Osteopathic Association of Great Britain Newsletter July, p 7 (1995)

Reite, M.L., “Touch, Attachment, and Health ” Is There a Relationship” In: Brown, C.C. (ed) The Many Faces of Touch,” Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Pediatric Round Table Series, 10, p 58-65 (1984)

Schanberg, S.M., Evoniuk, G., Kuhn, C.M., “Tactile and Nutritional Aspects of Maternal Care: Specific Regulators of Neuroendocrine Function and Cellular Development,” Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 175: 135-146 ( 1984)

Harlow, H.F., “Love in Infant Monkey,” Science. In Physiological Psychology. Thompson, R.F. (ed) W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, p 78-84 (1959)

Harlow, H.F., “The Development of Affectional Patterns in Infant Monkeys. In: Foss, B.M. (ed) Determinants of Infant Behaviour, Methuen, London (1961)

Field et al, “Tactile/Kinesthetic Stimulation Effect on Preterm Neonates, Pediatrics 77(5): 654-658 (1986)

White, J.L., Labarba, R.C., “The Effects of Tactile and Kinesthetic Stimulation on Neonatal Development in the Premature Infant,” Developmental Psychology 9(6): 569-577 (1976)

Solkoff, N., Matuszak, D., “Tactile Stimulation and Behavioral Development Among Low-birthweight Infants,” Child Psychiatry and Human Development 6(1): 33-37 (1975)

Schaffer, J.S., “The Effect of Gentle Human Touch on Mechanically Ventilated Very-Short-Gestation Infants,” Maternal Child Nursing Journal Monograph 12, 11:4 (1982)

Kattwinkel, J., Nearman, H.S., Fanaroff, A.A., Katona, P.G., Klaus, M.H., “Apnea of Prematurity: Comparative Therapeutic Effects of Cutanious Stimulation and Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, Journal of Pediatrics 86: 588-592

Wolff, G., Money, J., “Relationship Between Sleep and Growth with Reversible Somatotropin Deficiency (Psychological Dwarfism),” Psychological Medicine 3:18-27 (1973)

Goodwin, D., “GCRC Research Team Study Link Between Psycholosocial Dwarfism and Child Abuse, Research Resources Report 2: 1-6 (1978)

Appell, G., David, M., “Case Notes on Monique. In: Foss, B.M. (ed), Determinants of Infant Behaviour, Methuen, London (1961)

Spitz, R., “Childhood Development Phenomena: The Influence of the Mother-child Relationship, and its Disturbance. In: Soddy, K. (ed) Mental Health and Infant Development,” Routledge & Kegan Paul, London (1955)

Spitz, R., “Childhood Development Phenomena: The Case of Felicia. In: Soddy, K. (ed) Mental Health and Infant Development, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London (1955)

Kennell, J.H., “Maternal Behavior One Year After Early and Post-partum Contact,” Developmental Medicine and child Neurology 16: 172-179 (1974)

Autton, N., “Touch: An Exploration,” Darton, Longman & Todd, London (1989)

Van Wyk, J.J., Underwood, L.E., “Growth Hormone, Somatomedins and Growth Failure, Hospital Care 68: 57-67 (1978)

Lynch, J.J., “The Broken Heart: The Medical Consequences of Loneliness, Basic Books, New York (1977)

McAllister, F., “Marital Breakdown and the Health of the Nation,” Copies from “One Plus One,12 Burlington Street, London, W1X1FF (1995)

Knapp, M.L., “Nonverbal Communication: Basic Perspectives. In: Stewart, J. (ed) “Bridges Not Wall”: A Book about Interpersonal Communication,” Addison-Wesley, London (1977)

Frank, L.K., “Tactile Communication,” Genetic Social and General Psychology Monographs 56: 209-255 (1957)

Kulka, A., Fry, C., Goldstein, F.J., “Kinesthetic Needs in Infancy, Americal Journal of Orthopsychiatry 33: 562-571 (1960)

Blauvelt, H., McKenna, J., “Mother-neonate Interaction: Capacity of the Human Newborn for Orientation. In: Foss, B.M. (ed). Determinants of Infant Behaviour,” Methuen, London (1961)

Rheingold, H.L., “The Effect of Environmental Stimulation Upon Social and Exploratory Behavior in the Human Infant. In: Foss, B.M. (ed). Determinants of Infant Behavior,” Methuen, London (1961)

Stack, D.M., Muir, D.W., “Adult Tactile Stimulation During Face-to-Face Interactions Mudulates Five-Month-Old’s Affect and Attention,” Child Development 63(6): 1509-1525 (1992)

Fisher, J.D., Rytting, M., Heslin, R., “Hands Touching Hands: Affective and Evaluative Effects of an Interpersonal Touch, Sociometry 39: 416-421 (1976)

Penny, K.S., “Postpartum Perception of Touch Received During Labour,” Research in Nursing and Health 2(1): 9-16 (1979)

Farrah, S., “The Nurse the Patient and Touch. In: Current Concepts in Clinical Nursing,” C V Mosby, St. Louis (1971)

Young, M., “The Human Touch: Who Needs It. In: Stewart, J. (ed) Bridges Not Walls: A Book About Interpersonal Communication, Addison Wesley, Massachusetts (1977)

Dominian, J., “The Psychological Significance of Touch,” Nursing Times (1971)

Pattison, J.E., “Effects of Touch on Self-exploration and the Therapeutic Relationship,” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 40(2): 170-175 (1973)

Alagna, F.J., Whitcher, S.J., Fisher, J.D., Wicas, E.A., “Evaluative Reaction to Interpersonal Touch in a Counseling Interview,” Journal of Counseling Psychology 26(6): 465-472 (1979)

McCorkle, R., “Effects of Touch on Seriously Ill Patients, Nursing Research 23(2): 125-132 (1974)

Morales, E., “Meaning of Touch to Hospitalized Puerto Ricans with Cancer,” Cancer Nursing 17(6): 464-469

Mercer, L.S., “Touch: Comfort or Threat,” Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 4(3): 20-25 (1966)

Fisher, J.D., “Hands Touching Hands: Affective and Evaluative Effects of an Interpersonal Touch, Sociometry 39(4): 416-421

Patterson, M., “An Arousal Model of the Interpersonal Intimacy, Psychological Review 83: 235-245 (1976)

DeAugustinis, J., Isani, R.A., Ward, K.F.R., “Ward Study: The Meaning of Touch in Interpersonal Communications. In: Burd, S., Marshall, M. (eds) Some Clinical Approaches to Psychiatric Nursing,” Macmillan, New York (1963)

Siegal, E.V., “Integrating Movement and Psychoanalytic Technique. In: Robbins, A. (ed) Expressive Therapy, Human Science Press, New York (1986)

Kapner, J,I., “Body Process: Working with the Body in Psychotherapy, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco (1993)

Clarkson, P., “Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy: An Integrated Approach,” Tavistock/Routledge, London (1992)

Yontef, G.M., “The Theory of Gestalt Therapy. In: Hatcher, C., Himelstein, P. (eds) The Handbook of Gestalt Therapy, Jason Aronson, New York (1976)

Darbonne, A., “Creative Balance: An Integration of Gestalt, Bioenergetics and Rolfing. In: Hatcher, C., Himelstein, P. (eds) The Handbook of Gestalt Therapy, Jason Aronson, New York (1976)

Lowen, A, “The Betrayal of the Body,” Macmillan, London (1967)

Schilder, P., “The Image and Appearance of the Human Body,” John Wiley, Chichester (1964)

Gorman, W., “Body Image and the Image of the Brain,” Warren H. Green, Missouri (1969)

Rice, J.B., Hardenbergh, M., Hornyak, L.M., “Disturbed Body Image in Anorexia Nervosa: Dance/Movement Therapy Interventions. In: Hornyak, L.M., Baker, E.K. (eds),” Experimental Therapies for Eating Disorders, Guildford Press, New York (1989)

Fisher, S., Cleveland, S.E., “Body Image and Personality,” Dover Publications, New York (1968)

Stark, A., Aronow, S., McGeehan, T., “Dance/Movement Therapy with Bulimic Patients. In: Hornyak, L.M., Baker, E.K. (eds), Experimental Therapies for Eating Disorders, Guildford Press, New York (1989)

Nathan, B.T., “Philosophical Notes on Osteopathy Theory. Part II. On Persons and Bodies, Touching and Inherent Self-healing Capacity,” British Osteopathic Journal 15: 15-19 (1995)

Weiss, S.J., “The Language of Touch: A Resource to Body Image,” Issues in Mental Health Nursing 1: 17-29 (1978)

Weiner, H., “Diagnosis and Symptomatology. In: Bellak, L. (ed) Schizophrenia, Logos Press, New York, p120, 133-139 (1958)

Kolb, L., ” Disturbances of the Body Image., In: Arieti, S. (ed) American Handbook of Psychiatry, Basic Books, New York, p749-767 (1959)

Montagu, A., “Touching: The Human Significance of the Skin,” Harper & Row, New York (1986)

Schopler, E., “The Development of Body Image and Symbol Formation Through Body Contact with an Autistic Child, Journal of Child Psychology 3: 191-202

Wilber, K., “No Boundary: Eastern and Western Approaches to Personal Growth,” Shambhala, Boulder, Colorado (1979)

Cashar, L., Dixon, B.K., “The Therapeutic Use of Touch, Journal of Psychiatric Nursing 5: 442-451 (1967)

Roxendal, G., Physiotherapy as an Approach in Psychiatric Care with Emphasis on Body Awareness Therapy. In: Hegna, T., Sveram, M. (eds),” Psychological and Psychosomatic Problems, Churchill, Livingstone, London, p75-101

Sternbach, R.A., “Psychological Dimensions and Perceptual Analysis. In: Carterette, E.C., Friedman, M.P. (eds),” Handbook of Perception: Feeling and Hurting, Academic Press, London, p231-258 (1978)

Fanslow, C.A., “Touch and the Elderly. In: Brown, C.C. (ed) The Many Faces of Touch,” Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Pediatric Round Table Series, 10, p183-189

Lowen, A., “Pleasure: A Creative Approach to Life,” Penguin Books, New York (1970)

Lowen, A., “Bioenergetics,” Penguin Books, Harmondsworth (1975)

Campbell, H.J., “The Pleasure Areas,” Eyre Methuen, London (1973)

Hollender, M.H., “The Need or Wish to be Held, Archives of General Psychiatry 22: 445-453 (1970)

Hollender, M.H., Luborsky, L., Scaramella, T.J., “Body Contact and Sexual Enticement,” Archives of General Psychiatry 20: 188-191 (1969)

Watson, W.H., “The Meaning of Touch: Geriatric Nursing,” Journal of Communication 25(3): 104-112 (1975)

Goffman, E., “Relations in Public,” Basic Books, New York (1971)

Weiss, S.J., “Psychophysiological Effects of Caregiver Touch on Incidents of Cardiac Dysrhythmia, Heart and Lung 15(5): 494-505

Anderson, D., “Touching: When is it Caring and Nurturing or When is it Exploitative and Damaging”, Child Abuse and Neglect 3: 793-794

Triplett, J.L., Arneson, S.W., “The Use of Verbal and Tactile Comfort to Alleviate Distress in Young,” Research in Nursing and Health 2(1): 17-23 (1979)

Bowlby, J., “The Nature of the Child”s Tie to his Mother,” International Journal of Psychoanalysis 39: 350-373 (1958)

Nathan, B., “Philosophical Notes on Osteopathic Theory. Part III. Non-procedural Touching and the Relataionship Between Touch and Emotion,” British Osteopathic Journal 17: 31-34 ( 1995)

Remen, N., Blau, A.A., Hively, R., “The Masculine Principle, The Feminine Principle and Humanistic Medicine,” Institute for the Study of Humanistic Medicine, San Francisco (1975)

Weber, R., “Philosophers on Touch. In: Brown, C.C. (ed) The Many Faces of Touch,” Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Pediatric Round Table Series, 10, p3-11 (1984)

Sharaf, M., “Fury on Earth: A Biography of Willhelm Reich, Hutchinson, London (1983)

Southwell, C., “Biodynamic Massage as a Therapeutic Tool-With Special Reference to the Biodynamic Concept of Equilibrium,” Journal of Biodynamic Psychology 3: 40-72 (1982)

Bunkan, B.H., Thornquist, E., “Psychomotor Therapy: An Approach to the Evaluation and Treatment of Psychosomatic Disorders. In: Hegna, T., Sveram, M., (eds)

Psychological and Psychosomatic Problems, Churchill Livingstone, London, p 45-74 (1990)

MacLean, P.D., “The Triune Brain, Emotion and Scientific Bias. In: Schmitt, F.O., (ed) Neuroscience: Second Study Program,” Rockefeller University Press, New York (1970)

Guyton, A.G., “Textbook of Physiology, W B Saunders, Philadelphia (1991)

Kelly, D.H.W., “Anxiety and Emotions: Physiological Basis and Treatment,” Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL (1980)

Abrahams, V.C., Hilton, S.M., Zbrozyna, A., “Active Muscle Vasodilatation Produced by Stimulation of the Brain Stem: Its Significance in the Defense Reaction, Journal of Physiology 154:491 (1960)

Balshan, I.D., “Muscle Tension and Personality in Women,” Archives of General Psychiatry 7: 436-448 (1962)

Schwartz, G.E., Fair, P.L., Mandel, M.R., Salt, P.S., Mieske, M., Klerman, G.L., “Facial Electromyography in the Assessment of Improvement in Depression,” Psychosomatic Medicine 40: 4 (1978)

Gellhorn, E., “Motion and Emotion: The Role of Proprioception in the Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Emotions,” Psychological Review 71(6): 457-472 (1964)

Von Euler, C., Sonderberg, U., “Co-ordinated Changes in Temperature Thresholds for Thermoregulatory Reflexes, Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 42: 112-129 (1958)

Ban, T., Masai, H., Sakai, A., Kurotsu, T., “Experimental Studies on Sleep by the Electrical Stimulation of the Hypothalamus,” Medical Journal, Osaka University 2: 145-161 ( 1951)

French, J.D., “The Reticular Formation. In: Physiological Psychology, W H Freeman, San Francisco (1972)

Blair, D.A., Glover, W.E., Greenfield, A.D.M., Roddie, I.C., “Excitation of Cholinergic Vasodilator Nerves to Human Skeletal Muscles During Emotional Stress, Journal of Physiology 148: 633-647 (1959)

Lynch, J.J. et al, “The Effects of Human Contact on Cardiac Arrhythmia in Coronary Care Patients, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease158: 2 (1974)

Gantt, W.H., Newton, J.E.O., Royer, F.L., Stephens, J.H., “Effects of Person,” Conditional Reflexes 1: 18-35 (1966)

Lynch, J.J., Flaherty, L., Emrich, C., Mills, M.E., Katcher, A., “Effects of Human Contact on Heart Activity of Curarized Patients,” American Heart Journal 88(2): 160-169 (1974)

Geis, F., Viksne, V., “Touching: Physical Contact and Level of Arousal,” Proceedings of the 80th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association 7: 179-180 (1972)

Willoughby, J.O., Martin, J.B., “The Role of the Limbic System in Neuroendocrine Regulation. In: Livingston, K.E., Hornykiewicz, O., (eds) Limbic Mechanisms,” Plenum Press, London (1978)

Mason, J.W., “A Review of Psychoendocrine Research on the Pituitary-Adrenal Cortical System,” Psychosomatic Medicine 30: 576

Mason, J.W., “A Review of Psychoendocrine Research on the Sympathetic-Adrenal Medullary System, Psychosomatic Medicine 30: 631 (1968)

Levine, S., “Stress and Behavior. In Physiological Psychology,” W H Freeman, San Francisco (1972)

Levi, L., “The Urinary Output of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline During Different Experimentally Induced Pleasant and Unpleasant Emotional States,” Psychosomatic Medicine 27: 80 (1965)

Curruthers, M., Taggart, P., “Vagotonicity of Violence: Biochemical and Cardiac Responses to Violent Films and Television Programmes,” British Medical Journal 3: 384 ( 1973)

Levi, L., “Sympathoadrenomedullary Activity, Diuresis, and Emotional Reactions During Visual Sexual Stimulation in Human Females and Males,” Psychosomatic Medicine 31: 251 ( 1969)

Handelson, J.H., “Psychological Factors Lowering Plasma 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids Concentration, Psychosomatic Medicine 24: 535 ( 1962)

Raab, W., “Cardiotoxic Biochemical Effects of Emotional-Environmental Stressors-Fundamentals of Psychocardiology. In: Levi, L., (ed) Society Stress and Disease,” Oxford University Press, London (1979)

Sachar, E.J., Baron, M., “The Biology of Affective Disorders,” Annual Review of Neuroscience 2: 505-518 (1979)

Barker, J.C., “Scared to Death. An Examination of Fear, its Causes and Effects,” Frederick Muller, London (1968)

Kelly, D.H.W., “Measurements of Anxiety by Forearm Blood Flow, British Journal of Psychiatry 112:789 (1966)

Sachar, E.J., Fishman, J.R., Mason, J.W., “Influence of Hypnotic Trance on Plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids Concentration,” Psychosomatic Medicine 27:330 (1965)

Barr, J.S., Taslitz, N., “The Influence of Back Massage on Autonomic Function,” Physical Therapy 60: 1679-1691 (1970)

Schmidt, R.F., Schonofuss, K., “An Analysis of the Reflex Activity in the Cervical Sympathetic Trunk Induced by Myelinated Somatic Afferents,” Pflugers Archives 314: 175-198 (1970)

McDougall, J., “Theatres of the Body: A Psychoanalytical Approach to Psychosomatic Illness,” Free Association Books, London (1989)

Kuntz, A., “Anatomic and Physiologic Properties of Cutaneo-visceral Vasomotor Reflex Arcs, Journal of Neurophysiology 8: 421-430 (1945)

Sato, A., Kaufman, A., Koizumi, K., Brooks, C., “Afferent Nerve Groups and Sympathetic Reflex Pathways, Brain Research 14: 575-587 (1969)

Sato, A., Schmidt, R.F., “Somatosympathetic Reflexes. Afferent Fibres, Central Pathways and Discharge Characteristics,” Physiological Reviews 53: 916-947 (1973)

Denny-Brown, D., “Motor Mechanisms-Introduction: The General Principle of Motor Integration. In: Field, J., Magoun, H.W., Hall, V.E., (eds) Handbook of Physiology, Section 1, Volume 2, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, p 781-796 ( 1968)

Ganong, W.F., “Review of Medical Physiology, 10th Edn.,” Lange, California (1981)

Cannon, W.B., Rosenblueth, A., “The Supersensitivity of Denervated Structures,” Macmillan, New York (1949)

Rushmer, R.F., Smith, O.A., Lasher, E.P., “Neural Mechanisms of Cardiac Control During Exertion,” Physiological Reviews 40(4): 27 (1960)

Sherrington, C.S., “The Integrative Action of the Nervous System, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT (1906)

Heymans, C., Neil, E., “Reflexogenic Areas of the Cardiovascular System, J & A Churchill, London (1958)

Folkow, B., “Nervous Control of the Blood Vessels. In: McDowell, R.J.S., (ed) The Control of the Circulation of the Blood, W M Dawson, London (1956)

Darwin, C., “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animal,” Watts, London (1934)

Cohen, M.J., Rickles, W.H., McArthur, D.L., “Evidence for Physiological Response Stereotype in Migraine Headache,” Psychosomatic Medicine 40(4): 344-354 (1978)

Munro, A., “Psychosomatic Medicine I. The Psychosomatic Approach,” Practitioner 208: 162-168 (1972)

Sartory, G., Lader, M., “Psychophysiology and Drugs in Anxiety and Phobias. In: Christie, M.J., Mellett, P.G., (eds) Foundations of Psychosomatics, John Wiley, New York ch 8, p169-221 (1981)

Steptoe, A., ” Psychophysiological Contributions to the Understanding and Management of Essential Hypertension. In: Christie, M.J., Mellett, P.G., (eds) The Psychosomatic Approach: Contemporary Practice of Whole-person Care,” John Wiley, New York p 171-189 ( 1986)

Reiser, M.F., Bakst, H., “Psychology of Cardiovascular Disorders. In: Arieti, S., (ed) American Handbook of Psychiatry, Basic Books, New York p 659-677

Lidz, T., “General Concepts of Psychosomatic Medicine. In: Arieti, S., (ed) American Handbook of Psychiatry, Basic Books, New York p 647-658 (1959)

Plotnik, R., Mollenauer, S., “Brain and Behavior,” Canefield Press, London (1978)

DeLongis, A., Coyne, J.D., Dakof, G., Folkman, S., Lazarus, R.S., “Relationship of Daily Hassles, Uplifts, and Major Life Events to Health Status, Healty Psychology 1(2): 119-136 (1982)

Dixon, N.F., “Psychosomatic Disorder: A Special Case of Subliminal Perception. In: Christie, M.J., Mellett, P.G., (eds) Foundations of Psychosomatics,” John Wiley, New York (1981)

Cook, E., Christie, M.J., Gartshore, S., Stern, R.M., Venables, P.H., “After the Executive Monkey. In: Christie, M.J., Mellett, P.G., (eds) Foundations of Psychosomatics, John Wiley, New York ch 11, p245-258 (1981)

Reich, W., “Character Analysis,” Noonday Press, New York (1933)

Stewart, I., Joines V., “Today: A New Introduction to T.A., Lifespace Publishing

Keleman, S., “Your Body Speaks its Mind,” Centre Press, Berkeley, CA (1981)

Levey, A.B., Martin, I., The Relevance of Classical Conditioning to Psychosomatic Disorders. In: Christie, M.J., Mellett, P.G., (eds) Foundations of Psychosomatics, John Wiley, New York, ch 12, p259-282 (1981)

Freeman, G.L., “The Energetics of Human Behavior,” Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York (1948)

Adamec, R.E., “Normal and Abnormal Limbic System Mechanisms of Emotive Blasing. In: Livingston, K.E., Hornykiewicz, O., (eds) Limbic Mechanisms, Plenum Press, New York, p405-455 (1978)

Schawarz, S.P., Blanchard, E.B., “Behavioral Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A 1-Year Follow-up Study,” Biofeedback and Self-Regulation 11(3): 189-198 (1986)

Radnitz, C.L., Blanchard, E.B., “A 1 and 2 Year Follow-up Study of Bowel Sound Biofeedback as a Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome,” Biofeedback and Self-Regulation 14(4):333-338 (1989)

McCroskery, J.H., Engel, B.T., “Biofeedback and Emotional Behavior. In: Christie, M.J., Mellett, P.G., (eds) Foundations of Psychosomatics, John Wiley, New York p193-221 (1981)

Lederman, E., “Harmonic Technique,” Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh (In Press) (1997)

Gordon, T., Foss, B.M., “The Role of Stimulation in the Delay of Onset of Crying in the Newborn Infant, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 18: 79-81 (1966)

Korner, A.F., Thoman, E.B., “The Relative Efficacy of Contact and Vestibular-Proprioceptive Stimulation in Soothing Neonates, Child Development 43: 443-453 (1972)

Ayers, A.J., “Sensory Integration and Learning Disorders,” Weston Psychological Services, Los Angeles (1979)

Casler, L., “The Effect of Extra Tactile Stimulation on a Group of Institutionalized Infants, Genetic Social and General Psychological Monographs 71: 137-175 (1965)

Korner, A.F., Guilleminault, C., Van den Hoed, J., Baldwin, R.B., “Reduction of Sleep Apnea and Bradycardia in Preterm Infants on Oscillating Water Beds: A Controlled Polygraphic Study,” Pediatrics 61(4): 528-533 (1978)

Rausch, P.B., “A Tactile and Kinesthetic Stimulation Program for Premature Infants. In: Brown, C.C., (ed) The Many Faces of Touch, Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Pediatric Round Table Series, 10, p101-106 (1984)

Korner, A.F., “The Many Faces of Touch. In: Brown, C.C., (ed) The Many Faces of Touch,” Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Pediatric Round Table Series 10, p107-113 (1984)

Korner, A.F., Schneider, P., “Effects of Vestibular-proprioceptive Stimulation on the Neurobehavioral Development of Preterm Infants: A Pilot Study, Neuropediatrics 14: 170-175 (1983)

Elton, D., “Emotion Variables and Chronic Pain Management,” Elsevier, Amsterdam (1987)

Korr, I.M., “Neuronal Basis of the Osteopathic Lesion,” Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 47: 191-198 (1947)

Wright, A., “Hypoalgesia Post-manipulative Therapy: A Review of a Potential Neurophysiological Mechanism, Manual Therapy 1:11-16 (1995)

Casey, K.L., “Neural Mechanisms of Pain. In: Carterette, E.C., Friedman, M.P., (eds) Handbook of Perception: Feeling and Hurting, Academic Press, London, p183-219 (1978)

Fetz, E.E., Pyramidal Tract Effects on Interneurones in the Cat Lumbar Dorsal Horn,” Journal of Neurophysiology 31: 69-80 (1968)

Andersen, P., Eccles, J.C., Sears, T.A., “Cortically Evoked Depolarization of Primary Afferent Fibres in the Spinal Cord, Journal of Neurophysiology 27: 63-77 (1964)

Reynolds, D.G., “Surgery in the Rat During Electrical Analgesia Induced by Focal Brain Stimulation,” Science 164: 444-445 (1969)

Richardson, D.E., “Brain Stimulation for Pain Control, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 23: 304-306 (1976)

 
 

 

 

Copyright © American Manual Massage Association